Glossary

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Bloom	A waxy, white covering on leaves or fruit; a name for the flowering part of a plant.
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Common English Name(s)	Most plants also have one or more common names. A plant may have a common name that vary from one region to another.
Common Arabic Name(s)	Name of the plant in the Arab regions.
Common French name(s)	Name of the plant in Francophone area.
Climate
Hardiness Zone	It is a geographically defined area in which a specific category of plant life is capable of growing, as defined by climatic conditions, including its ability to withstand the minimum temperatures of the zone.
Heat Zone	The measurement of the heat zone is the average number of days per year when the temperature exceeds 30°C.
Canopy Shape
Pyramidal	Shaped like a pyramid, with a broad base and tapered point.
Round	Round or globe. About as broad as tall.
Columnar	Slender, upright form.
Oval	Elliptical. More tall than broad, widest branching at or near the middle.
Spreading	Broad spreading. A wide vase shape.
Upright	Upright spreading. A narrow vase shape.
Weeping	Branches tend to weep downward.
Vase	Branches grow at a sharp upward angle from the trunk, flaring outward at the tips. Canopies resemble upside-down triangles.
Palm	Compound, evergreen leaves arranged at the top of an unbranched stem.
Canopy Symmetry	The side branches distribution on the trunk.
Irregular	Canopy made up of codominant scaffold branches. The side braches are nor equally distributed around the trunk. Individuals of the species or cultivars have no identical forms.
Symmetrical	Strong central leader maintained through the canopy. Side branches are divided equally on all sides. Individuals of the species or cultivars have more or less identical forms.
Canopy Density	Amount of shade the given tree canopy gives underneath.
Open	A branch canopy that is open and allows filtered light to penetrate to the ground. 50 % shade.
Medium	A branch canopy that is open and allows medium filtered light to penetrate to the ground. 50-80 % shade.
Dense	A branch canopy that is open and allows very little filtered light to penetrate to the ground. More than 80% shade.
Canopy Texture	It is visual grainer or coarseness of the surface. It is influenced by the leaf size, edge, character, twigs and branches size and the growth habitat.
Fine	Characterized by small delicate leaves, many twigs but only few branches. Gives openness to the planted area.
Medium	Characterized by medium size leaves, equally distributed branches and twigs.
Coarse	Characterized by large leaves, mass branches, few twigs. Should be used in large space as they tend to shrink the area.
Crown shaft	It is the leaf base of certain pinnate palms forming a sheath around the top of the stem surrounding the bud where all the subsequent leaves are formed. It creates a smooth distinct ring or leaf base.
Companion Plants	Group of plants grow well together either due to their same requirments or give a nice color contrast.
Coniferous	Trees or shrubs that produce insignificant flowers followed by seed-bearing cones. Almost all are evergreen plants.
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Drought tolerance	Drought tolerance refers to the degree to which a plant is adapted to arid or drought conditions.
Dry Fruit Type
Follicle	A Follicle is a dry dehiscent fruit which splits on one side only. It may contain one or many seeds.
Legume	Is a dry dehiscent pod that splits on two sides.
Capsule	A Capsule is the most common fruit type. A Capsule is a dry fruit which splits open to release the seeds.
Silique	Is a dry dehiscent fruit. It is long and thin, splits down the two long sides, and has a papery membrane (the septum) between the two halves.
Achene/akene	A small, dry, one-seeded fruit developed from a simple ovary and usually the seed coat is not part of the fruit coat.
Caryopsis/grain	Is a simple dry indehiscent fruit, like an achene, but with the seed coat fused with the fruit coat and incorporated in one body forming a single grain ( wheat, rice, barley, etc.).
Samara	A Samara is an independent dry indehiscent fruit which has part of the fruit wall extended to form a wing (i.e. not a winged seed inside another type of seed pod.
Schizocarp	A small dry fruit composed of two or more sections that break apart; however, each section remains indehiscent and contains a single seed. Example: carrot, celery.
Loment	Some specialized legume fruits break apart into indehiscent, seed-bearing segments.
Nut	A nut is a simple dry fruit with one seed with a very hard wall, and the seed remains unattached or unfused with wall.
Diseases
Powdery mildew	"White powdery growth on leaves and shoots can be a sign of powdery mildew. This disease affects many plants. Leaves turn yellow or brown and fall off, exposing the plant or fruit to sunburn.Leaves or shoots can twist or distort ".
Downy mildew	Initial symptoms of downy mildew consist of dull to bright yellow spots that form on leaves of all ages. With time, these spots can enlarge and become tan and dry.
Leaf spots	Infections of bacterial leafspot start as small, dark specks on leaves. As the disease develops, numerous water-soaked leafspots appear.
Canker	Canker diseases are common, widespread, and destructive on a wide range of woody plants. They may cause dieback of twigs and branches or they can structurally weaken a plant until it breaks over in the wind or during an ice storm.A canker is a localized diseased area or lesion in the bark of a woody plant and often results in an open wound.
Dieback	Decline and dieback may be caused by many factorsand is usually progressive over several years. Trees and shrubs of all ages may be affected, although this disease complex is usually associated with plants that have attained some size and maturityGeneral symptoms of decline and dieback may include pale green or yellow leaves, delayed spring flush of growth, scorching of the leaf margins, small leaves, reduced twig and stem growth, early leaf drop, premature fall coloration.
Smut	Smut causes the internal tissues of the plant cavity to turn black and powdery from the production of black spores produced by funguses.
Blights	Fire blight produces several different types of symptoms, depending on what plant parts are attacked and when. The first symptom to appear, shortly after bloom, is that of blossom blight. In the early stages of infection, blossoms appear watersoaked and gray-green but quickly turn brown or black; generally, the entire cluster becomes blighted and killed The most obvious symptom of the disease is the shoot blight phase, which first appears one to several weeks after petal fall.
Rusts	The rusts are amongst the most common fungal diseases of garden plants. Trees, shrubs, herbaceous and bedding plants, grasses, bulbs, fruit and vegetables can all be affected. Rust diseases are unsightly and often reduce plant vigour. The spore pustules produced by rusts vary in colour, according to the rust species and the type of spore that it is producing.
Wilts	A wilt disease is many number of diseases that affect the vascular system of plants by fungi, bacteria, and nematodes and it can cause rapid killing of plants, large tree branches or even entire trees.
Scab	Scab often affects the trees or plants of apples, crab apples, cereals, cucumbers, peaches, pecans, Photinis, potatoes, and pyracantha. Leaves of affected plants may wither and drop early.
Physiological
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Edible Plant Parts	Any part of the plant eaten by humans. Humans most commonly eat the seeds (e.g. maize, wheat, coffee and various nuts), fruit (e.g. tomato and apple), leaves (e.g. lettuce, spinach, and cabbage), or roots (e.g. carrots and beets), or stems of many plants (e.g. asparagus).
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Family	Family, as it relates to taxonomic rank, is between order and genus. Family designates a category of classification that is fairly precise.
Frost Tolerance	Ability to withstand temperatures below zero for period of time.
Fruit Showiness
Showy	The fruit is decorative and can be used as a landscape focal point
Not Showy	The fruit is not decorative and can not be used as a landscape focal point
Fruit size
1.5 cm	The fruit is maxium 1.5 cm in length.
1.5-3 cm	The fruit is maximum 1.5 to 3 cm in length.
3-7 cm	The fruit is maximum 3 to 7 cm in length.
7-10 cm	The fruit is maximum 7 to 10 cm in length.
10-20 cm	The fruit is maximum 10 to 20 cm in length.
Over 20 cm	The fruit is over 20 cm in length.
Fruit Type
Dry Fruit	A fruit in which the wall becomes dry at maturity.
Fleshy fruit	A fruit in which the wall becomes soft and fleshy at maturity.
Fleshy Fruit Type
Berry	A simple, pulpy fruit, such as blueberry, grape or tomato.
Drupe	A one seeded fleshy fruit with four major parts -- a thin skin, a fleshy body, a hard stone and an inner seed. Ex: Peach.
Pome	A fleshy fruit having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part. Ex: apple and pear.
Hip	Fruit of the rose bush, similar to pome but it contains many achenes.
Aggregate	An aggregate fruit is the product of the fusion of the several ovaries in the same flower. An aggregate fruit, develops from a flower with numerous simple pistils. Examples of aggregate fruits are strawberry, raspberry.
Hesperidium	A Hesperidium is a berry with a tough, aromatic rind.
Multiple fruit	A multiple fruit is formed from a cluster of flowers . Each flower produces a fruit, but these mature into a single mass. Examples are the pineapple, fig, mulberry.
Pepo	Berry with a hard, thick rind; typical fruit of the gourd family.
Fruit Color (When ripe)	The color of the fruit when its fully ripened.
Fruit Season	The time of the year for the mature fruit.
Flower Showiness
Showy	The flower is showy either colorful or in size and has an significant effect in the landscape.
Not showy	The flower is not showy and does not have any significant effect in the landscape.
Flower Size (Cm)
0 to 1.5	The size of a single flower is less than 1.5 cm.
1.5 to 3	The size of a single flower is between 1.5 and 3 cm.
3 to 7	The size of a single flower is between 3 and 7 cm.
7 to 10	The size of a single flower is between 7 and 10 cm.
10 to 20	The size of a single flower is between 10 and 20 cm.
Over 20	The size of a single flower is larger than 20 cm.
Flower Type
Umbel	An inflorescence consisting of several pedicelled flowers with a common point of attachment.
Catkin	A dense spike or raceme without petals, having only male or female reproductive parts.
Spike	An inflorescence consisting of a central rachis bearing a number of flowers directly attached to the flower stem (i.e., no pedicels).
Raceme	An inflorescence consisting of a central stem bearing a number of pedicelled flowers with the pedicels of nearly equal length.
Panicle	A branched inflorescence where the bottom flowers open first.
Simple monachasium	This floral display is characterized by the presence of a single apical flower on the main axis; below the flower (which grows higher than the main one), develops another flower, which blossoms later.
Simple dichasium	This floral display has three flowered interfloreance having a single terminal flower and two opposite laterial flower.
Compound monochasium	This floral display consist of many monochasium type of interfloresnces.
Compound dichasium	This floral display consist of many dischasium type of interfloresnces.
Flower Color	The color of the flower when its fully matured.
Flowering Season	Time of the year when most of the flowers are open.
Flower Sexuality	The distribution of male and female organs of the flower.
Monoecious (Bisexual)	Male and female flowers are borne on the same plant.
Diecious (Monosexual)	Male and female flowers are borne on different plants.
Flower Scent	Strong distinguished scent which can easily detected nearby the flowers.
Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers Litter	The dropping fruit, leaves or flowers create a mess underneath the tree.
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Grass Type
Cool Season Grass	Cool season grasses start their growth early in spring and continue that growth while cool temperatures and rain prevails. When summer gets hot, these grasses typically go dormant, often “browning out.
Warm Season Grass	Warm season grasses focus their energy on establishing deep roots during their first and second year of life, and then growing during their second and third year. Warm season grasses are slow to establish, often frustrating gardeners during their first year.
Growth Rate	Rate of growth refers to the vertical increase in growth unless specified differently. Rate, as is true for size, is influenced by numerous variables such as soil, drainage, water, fertility, light, exposure, ad infinitum.
Slow	Plant grows 25 cm or less per year.
Moderate	Plant grows 25-60 cm or less per year.
Fast	Plant grows more than 60 cm per year.
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Heat tolerance	The plant is able to resist temperature exceeds 30°C for more than 4 months.
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Invasive Potential	An invasive plant has the ability to thrive and spread aggressively outside its natural range.
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Life Cycle
Annual	A plant that normally completes its full cycle of growth, flowering and seeding in a single season.
Biennial	A plant that completes its full cycle of growth, flowering and seeding in two growing seasons.
Perennial	A plant that grows indefinitely.
Light Requirement
Full	At least 6 full hours of direct sunlight.
Part	3 - 6 hours of sun each day, preferably in the morning and early afternoon.
Shade	Less than 3 hours of direct sunlight each day, with filtered sunlight during the rest of the day.
Leaf Arrangement	The leaf arrangment on the stem.
Alternate	Leaves arranged first on one side and then on the other at different levels along on the stems.
Opposite	Two leaves at a node, one on the opposite side of the stem from the other.
Whoreled	Three or more leaves at a node.
Spiral	Spiral arrangements involve alternately arranged leaves in which each succeeding stem node and attached leaf is rotated slightly from the nodes below and above it.
Leaf Venation	Leaf venation refers to the pattern of orimary and secondary veins on the leaf.
Nearly invisible	The veins are non visible, or very weak.
Parallel	The veins are called parallel when the veins on the leaf are parallel to each other. Parallel veins are connected by veinlets.
Bowed	The veins are called bowed when the veins on the leaf are parallel to each other and curved.
Pinnate	A pattern where the major leaf veins extend from the midrib to the margin.
Brachidodrome	Loop-veined venation; main veins emerging from the midrib at regular intervals, at the margin turning towards the apex and looping to join the next vein upwards.
Palmate	A pattern where the leaf veins radiate from one point.
Reticulate	The veins are called reticulate when the veins beginning at the petiole form one or more veins that branch off on either side. These veins branch off to form thinner veins. A network of veinlets is found throughout the blade.
Leaf Persistence
Deciduous	A plant that sheds its leaves during certain seasons of the year.
Semi Evergreen	Keeping their leaves except in cold winters, or after drought period.
Evergreen	Evergreens keep their leaves all year and continue growing slowly in winter.
Leaf Texture	The way that leaf feels when it is touched.
Waxy	Resembling wax pale, smooth and lustrouse.
Smooth	Glabrous surface without hairs.
Leathery	Resembling of leather, shiny and hard surface.
Fleshy/ Juicy	Having fleshy tissues that conserve moisture or juice. The leaves are usualy thick and when cut liquid is dropping.
Hairy	The surface of the leaf is covered by soft very short hairs.
Rough	Covered with coarse, stiff hairs, rough enough to break the skin.
Glossy	Having a smooth, shiny, lustrous surface.
Fine	Soft and smooth foliage with light green colour.
Medium	Medium textured surface leaf.
Coarse	Having a rough surface, thick, dark green in colour, can include spines or course hair.
Leaf Type
Compound	A leaf composed of two or more leaflets.
Simple	An undivided leaf; without leaflets.
Trifoliate	A compound leaf having three leaflets.
Palmately Compound	Have the leaflets radiating from the end of the petiole, like fingers off the palm of a hand.
Costapalmate	A leaf where the hastula( The upper leaf-end of the stem where the leaf and pinnae are attached ) is elongate and pointy to very elongate and pointy.
Bipinnate	Twice pinnate, with leaflets arranged on each side of a common stalk.
Pinnately compound	A compound leaf divided into leaflets arranged on opposite sides of the stem.
Even Pinnately compound	A compound leafnot terminated by a leaflet.
Bipinnately compound	Twice divided: the leaflets are arranged along a secondary vein that is one of several branching off the rachis. Each leaflet is called a "pinnule".
Odd Pinnately compound	A compound leaf terminated by a leaflet.
Leaf Scent	The scent of the leaves after scrubbing it.
Leaf Blade Length (cm)	Size of the entire leaf.
Leaf Color (During Growing Season)	The color of the leaf during active growing period.
Leaf Color (During Changing Season)	The color of the leaf during leaf changeing period.
Leaf Margins	The outer edge of a leaf.
Undulate	Wavy leaf edge (up and down in a vertical plane).
Entire	Uncut, without indentations. Having the margin continuous or not broken by divisions, teeth, or serrations.
Serrulate	Many minute sharp forward-pointing teeth along leaf margin. These teeth are finer than the teeth of serrate leaves.
Dentate	Having teeth ending in an acute angle, pointing outward.
Lobate	Divided into lobes separated by narrow or acute indentations, which extend from one-third to one-half of the distance between margin and midrib.
Revolute	Rolled backward, or underneath.
Terminal spine
Ciliate	Hairs along leaf margin forming a border.
Pectinate	A pectinate leaf is one having very close and narrow divisions, like the teeth of a comb.
Crenate	Blunt, rounded teeth.
Cleft	Incisions extend more than halfway to the midrib
Parted	The leaf has deep, rounded edges.
Incised	Margin cut into sharp, deep, irregular teeth or incisions.
Spiny	A spiny leaf has spines pointing outwards.
Serrate	Having small, sharp teeth pointing toward the apex.
Double serrate	Forward pointing teeth with each tooth (serration) having smaller serrations on it.
Leaf Shape
Scale	Small, short, usually sharp-pointed, broadened at the base.
Needle	Narrow and long and pointed; as pine leaves.
Linear	Long and narrow, the sides parallel or nearly so.
Oblanceolate	The broadest half above the middle and tapering toward the apex; the reverse of lanceolate.
Spatulate	Spatula-shaped leaf; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base.
Rhomboid	Shaped like a rhombus or rhomboid.
Awl	Long, Slender sharp leaf found with the Junipers .The length does not exceed the 1.5 cm.
Lanceolate	Shaped as the head of a lance, broadened at the base and tapering toward the apex.
Oval	Broadly elliptical, with the width usually greater than one half of the length.
Ovate	Egg-shaped, with the broadest half below the middle.
Oblong	Longer than broad and with sides nearly parallel.
Obovate	Inversely ovate, with the broadest half above the middle.
Fan	Leaves with fan shape.
Deltoid	Triangular, stem attaches to side.
Orbiculate	Circular or nearly circular leaf.
Cordate	Heart-shaped.
Star
Sagittate - Arrow	Arrow shape leaf.
Sword-shaped
Boat-shaped
Lifespan in Years
Less than 25
25-50 years
More than 50
Leaflet	One of the divisions of a compound leaf.
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Mowing Height	The optimal height of mowing which will help develop strong and decorative turf.
Mowing Requirements	Yes/ No the turf needs to be mowed.
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Native Origin	The place or region from where the plant is originated from.
Number of Trunks
Multi- trunked	A tree with two or more piths at ground level.
Single trunk	A tree with a single pith if cut at ground level.
Can be trained to one trunk
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Pronunciation	Pronouncing Latin scientific names.
Plant Type
Tree	Tree is a woody plant that has a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance .Trees are long-lived plants.
Shrub	A woody plant with relatively low height, having several stems arising from the base and lacking a single trunk;
Palm	Palms are monocot flowering plants with a monopodial solitary (single trunk) or clustered growth habit. Palms have large, evergreen leaves that are either palmately ('fan-leaved') or pinnately ('feather-leaved') compound and spirally arranged at the top of the stem.
Vine	Vine or climber is any plant having long and slender branches, which may attach itself to other plants or supports by means of tendrils or by entwining.
Groundcover	Ground covers are usually creeping or clumping plants whose primary function is to cover the ground in. They can also include low growing shrubs and perennials, if they spread to cover the area. Usually they require minimal maintenance.
Grass	All are monocotyledons, typically with narrow leaves and parallel veins. Most are herbaceous perennials, though many are evergreen and some develop woody tissues. They bring striking linear form, texture, color, motion, and sound to the garden, throughout the year.
Herbaceous	A plant with no persistent woody stem above ground.
Flowering Bulb	A short, modified stem, the thickened leaves of which store reserved food. Amaryllis, onion and garlic are examples of plants that grow from bulbs.
Cactus/ Succulent	Plants that have succulent (thickened and fleshy) branches with scales or spines instead of leaves and are found especially in dry areas of the world.
Plant Height at Maturity (Meters)	The height indicate for each plant is the size expected in most urban or suburnan landscape.The site and the climate has a large impact on the final size of the plant.
Plant Spread at Maturity (Meters)	The spreadt indicate for each plant is the canopy diameter expected in most urban or suburnan landscape. The site and the climate has a large impact on the final size of the plant.
Pleasant Leaf Scents
Lemony	When crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of lemon or orange.
Sweet	When crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of strawberries, vanilia, etc.
Spicy	When crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of pepper, cinnamon.
Bitter	When crushed, have a fragrance resembling that of sharp, acrid, and unpleasant.
Pleasant Flower Scent	Specific scent of the flower from the four basic scent group.
Lemony	A very mouth watering scent, smells just like fresh lemons.
Sweet	Fragrant; perfumed such as vanilla or jasmine scent.
Spicy
Bitter	Having a sharp, pungent smell; not sweet scent.
Plant Toxicity	A plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism.
Propagation	It is the process of creating new plants from a variety of sources.
Cutting	Cutting is when a piece of the stem or root of the source plant is placed in a suitable medium such as moist soil or potting mi. The cutting produces new roots, stems, or both, and thus becomes a new plant independent of the parent.
Layering	It is a method of asexual plant propagation when the rooting of shoots, stem happens on the mother-plant without disconnection. Then the rooted stem, branch or shoot is detached from the parent tree for further propagation.
Division	Plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Both the root and crown of each part is kept intact.
Grafting	Grafting and budding are methods of asexual plant propagation that join plant parts so they will grow as one plant.
Spores	Spores of ferns are used for propagation.
Sod	A section of grass-covered surface soil held together by matted roots; turf.
Offset	A shoot that develops laterally at the base of a plant, often rooting to form a new plant. Examples: bulbs.
Stolons	Trailing stem above ground, rooting at the nodes.
Rhizomes	Any prostrate, elongated, stem, growing partially or completely beneath the surface of the ground.
Pruning Requirement	The frequency of the pruning.
Needed, to develop a strong structure	Pruning is usually requirered especially when the tree is less than 15 years old to develop a stronger structure.
Little needed, to develop a strong structure	Plants that need little pruning to develop a strone trunk and branch structure. Ex: Conifers.
No pruning at all	No pruning required at all.
Pests	A destructive insect or other animal that attacks plants.
Mites	A minute arachnid which has four pairs of legs when adult. Symptoms of injury include flecking, discoloration (bronzing) and scorching of leaves. Injury can lead to leaf loss and even plant death.
Thrips	Tiny, slender insects with fringed wings. They feed by puncturing their host and sucking out the cell contents.
Nematodes	They are multicellular animals with smooth, unsegmented bodies. The nematode species that feed on plants are so tiny that you need a microscope to see them. They are often long and slender, although some species appear pear-shaped.
Caterpillars	Caterpillars, the larvae of butterflies and moths, feed almost exclusively on plants. You will find most caterpillars munching happily on leaves, though some will feed on other plant parts, like seeds or flowers.
Scales	Scale insects are common pests of many trees and shrubs, but not of vegetable plants. Heavily infested plants are often covered with small, disklike or waxy coverings, and underneath each covering is the scale organism feeding on the juices of the plant.
Whitefly	Whiteflies are tiny, sap-sucking insects that are frequently abundant in vegetable and ornamental plantings. They excrete sticky honeydew and cause yellowing or death of leaves. Outbreaks often occur when the natural biological control is disrupted. Management is difficult.
Aphids	Aphids are common pests that can attack a variety of home garden and landscape plants. They are typically found clustering on and plant parts mainly leaves or tips. Aphids seldom kill a plant, but when abundant they remove large quantities of sap, which reduces the vigor of the plant and can result in stunted plant growth. Leaves often become curled.
Beetles	An insect of a large order distinguished by having forewings that are typically modified into hard wing cases . They damage plants either by chewing leaves or making tunnels in the bark.
Mealy-bug	Mealybugs tend to congregate in large numbers, forming white, cottony masses on plants. They feed on stems and leaves of fruit trees and ornamentals.
Leaf miner	Adult Liriomyza are small, active, black and yellow flies. Adult female leafminers puncture leaves and sometimes petals to feed on exuding sap. These punctures eventually turn white, giving foliage a stippled or speckled appearance.
Snail	These slimy mollusks emerge from hiding at night and chew holes in leaves and flowers of many succulent garden plants and fruit.
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Scientific Name	is in Latin, which is the international language of science. scientific name consisting of two parts. The first is the generic name that designates the genus --- a group of related species. The generic name is capitalized, underlined, or written in italics. The species is the basic unit of classification for a group of individual plants in a population having common characteristics, yet distinct from others of another species.
Synonym(s)	In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that applies to a taxon that (now) goes by a different scientific name.
Salt tolerance	The plant is able to withstand salt either in the soil or in the air.
Soil pH Requirement
Acidic	Acid soils have pH readings less than about pH 6.5.
Neutral	Neutral soils have pH range between 6.5 and 7.5.
Alkaline	Alkaline soils have pH readings above pH 7.5 and contain relatively more lime.
Soil Requirement
Clay	Soils rich in fine clay particles, hard to manage ,drain and warms up slowly but very fertile when treated in the right way. It has very high water holding capacity. Very slippery when wet.
Loam	Loams are comprised of a mixture of clay, sand and silt that avoid the extremes of clay or sandy soils and are fertile, well-drained and easily worked.
Sand	Sandy soils have high proportion of sand and little clay. Also known as light soils, these soils drain quickly after rain or watering, are easy to cultivate and work. They warm up more quickly in spring than clay soils and does not hold back any water.
Susceptibility to Breakage	Trees with tight V-shaped forks are more disposed to break than open U-shaped unions. Trees with splits, cracks, and/or several branches arising from the same point on the trunk may also present problems.
Generally resists breakage
Suspected to breakage
Surface Rooting	Roots that are very aggressive. Large diameter surface roots often develop which can lift walk and driveways. They can also interfere with mowing the lawn.
Susceptibility to Pests & Diseases
Not susceptible	Plants get pests but none are usually serious enough to warrant control measures.
Susceptible	The plant is sensitive to at least one serious pest or disease that can affect plant health or aesthetics.
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Time to Ultimate Height (Years)	Number of years until the plant reaches the final sizes.
Trunk Esthetic Value	Trunk has an interesting, attractive effect in the landscape such as color or texture which is visible from distance.
Showy
Not showy
Smooth texture	Smooth barks can be smooth and very glossy to dull. Generally these have a very thin outer bark.
Intermediate texture	Having an non significant trunk surface somehow between smooth and rough.
Rough texture	Having an uneven or irregular surface; not smooth or level.
Deeply fissured	Has a net-like pattern from splitting of the outer and inner bark, has abundant fibers and forms a tough cover over the trunk.
Colored	The trunk has a distinguished color such as green like the Bottle tree, reddish like the Greek strawberry tree or even with different color patterns such as Lagerstroemias.
Spines	Spines , thorn appear all over on the trunk.
Papery	Especially for ring bark species, occurrence of thick-walled cells alternating with thin-walled cells causes barks to separate like thin wrappers, peeling or exfoliating from where a layer breaks.
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Uses
Screen	Screen plants are to o block an objectionable view, or to serve as a natural boundary or border . Selections might include dense, fast-growing, evergreen shrubs; trees; vines; large succulents and tall ornamental grasses.
Hedge	Hedges are group of plants planted in single or double line in order to create an ornamental fence around houses or gardens. The size of the hedge differs from 50 cm to 5 m.
Topiary	Topiary is training live trees or shrubs by clipping the foliage and twigs to develop and maintain clearly defined shapes.
Bonsai	Bonsai is the art of growing miniature trees. Bonsai as an art is originated from Japan , where plant growth is restricted by training their roots and stems so that miniature trees of high aesthetic value are produced over a period of time.
Espalier	A tree which can be trained to grow flat against a wall or trellis.
Specimen	A plant that is worth planting by itself and is featured in the landscape to its attarctive traits.It can be a glossy leaf, nice bark, long lasting flowering, showy fall color etc.
Border plant	Border and edging plants are used to define areas.
Mass planting	Filling an area with just one or a few kinds of plants spaced close together. Often done to create a bold dramatic effect or to reduce maintenance.
Indoor	Indoor gardening is creating a garden inside the house or room with appropriate plants for interior decoration.
Container	Container gardening is a practice of growing plants in any type of container either indoors or outdoors. Common containers are pots, hanging baskets, and planters.
Sports field	Grasses which can stand heavy stepping.
Shade	A tree with a round, oval or spreading canopy that usually casts significant shade.
Windbreak	Trees or shrubs with dense foliages to protect and decrease the effect of the wind.
Edible	Any of the plant parts ( leaves, fruits, flower, seed or bark) can be used for culinary purposes.
Medicinal	Plants produce special substances in their roots, leaves, flowers, or seeds that help them to survive and these substrates are used for medicinal purposes.
Wildlife	variety of wild and cultivated plants that will attract lots of invertebrates, birds and mammals to the garden.
Erosion control	The primary goal of effective erosion control is to maintain water quality, keep soils in place, to increase infiltration and to reduce runoff.
Street	Trees which are recommended for planting along a street. Usually these trees does not destroy pavements, have or trained to high trunk and does not litter sigificant amount of leaves or fruits.
Cut flowers/ Arrangements	The term cut flower refers to flowers or flower buds (often with some stem and leaf) that have been cut from the plant bearing it. It is usually removed from the plant for indoor decorative use.
Pollution tolerant/ Urban	Plant can resist urban conditions meaning less light, less water , high toxic gasses.
Reclamation	Plant populations with the ability to accumulate heavy metals or live on highly acidic and / or polluted soil. These plants will turn the the affected lands for agricultural useage.
Intensive Green roof	The intensive green roof uses planting mediums that have greater than 30 cm depth . This deeper soil allows intensive roofs to accommodate large plants and dramatic plant groupings, pathes, small ponds or basic structures. The net weight on the roof is minimum 300 kg / m2.
Extensive Green roof	The planting medium in extensive green roofs ranges from 10-30 cm. Only plant with drought tolerance and with shallow root system can be used on this type of green roof. The maxium weight on the roof is 100-250 kg/m2.
Façade	Green facades and living walls use plants to cover building walls. Climbing plants used on green facades are either containerised or rooted in soil at ground level. Self-clinging climbers adhere to the building exterior by adventitious roots or self-adhesive pads.
Native (to Lebanon)	Plants are originated from Lebanon.
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Varieties	A variety is a group of plants in a natural population that has distinctive features often selected by environmental pressures through sexual reproduction. A variety is propagated sexually and comes true from seeds. For example, Buxus microphylla var. japonica is the name for the variety of Japanese boxwood.
Good	Tolerant of direct exposure to salt spray.
Moderate
Poor	Tolerates to some aerosol salt exposure.
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Water Requirement
High	High water use. Either large volumes or frequent application of water is needed throughout the life of the plant; weekly or more often during peak summer months.
Moderate	Moderate water use. Some supplemental water is needed throughout the life of the plant; at least twice monthly during peak summer months once established.
Low	Low water use. Able to survive once established without supplemental water; water needed at least once a month for plants to look their best.