Plant Profile

Ilex aquifolium (English Holly)

English holly is a native tree or large shrub to Europe.The plant has female and male form. Leaves are leathery with large shiny edge. The small flowers on the female plants are fragrant but generally inconspicuous.If pollination happens red berries will appear by end of fall and stay on the plants over winter. Birds are attracted to the fruit. Plants are also susceptible to leaf drop, in high pH soils.

Landscape Information
Botanical Description
Horticulture Management

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By A. Barra (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Stephan Hense (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Frank Vincentz (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By The original uploader was Josemanuel at Spanish Wikipedia (Transferred from es.wikipedia to Commons.) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By David Monniaux (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

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French Name: Houx commun

Arabic Name: الأوراق بهشية مائية

Pronunciation: EYE-lex ak-wuh-FO-lee-um
Plant type: Tree
Origin: Southeast US
Heat Zones: 7 to 10

Hardiness Zones: 5 to 9
Uses: Screen, Specimen
Size/Shape

Growth Rate: Slow

Tree Shape: Pyramidal, Round

Canopy Symmetry: Symmetrical

Canopy Density: Dense

Canopy Texture: Fine

Height at Maturity: 5 to 8 m

Spread at Maturity: 5 to 8 meters

Time to Ultimate Height: 20 to 50 Years

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By A. Barra (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Stephan Hense (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Frank Vincentz (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By The original uploader was Josemanuel at Spanish Wikipedia (Transferred from es.wikipedia to Commons.) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By David Monniaux (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

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Foliage

Leaf Arrangement : Alternate

Leaf Venation: Pinnate

Leaf Persistance: Evergreen

Leaf Type: Simple

Leaf Blade: 5 - 10 cm

Leaf Shape: Ovate

Leaf Margins: Entire, Terminal Spine

Leaf Texture: Coarse

Leaf Scent: No Fragance

Color(growing season): Green

Color(changing season): Green
Flower

Flower Showiness: No

Flower Size Range: 0 - 1.5

Flower Sexuality: Diecious (Monosexual)

Flower Scent: Pleasant (Sweet)

Flower Color: Green, White

Seasons: Spring
Trunk

Trunk has Crownshaft: No

Trunk Susceptibility to Breakage: Generally resists breakage

Number of Trunks: Can be trained to one trunk

Trunk esthetic Values: Not Showy
Fruit

Fruit Type: Berry

Fruit Showiness: Yes

Fruit Size Range: 0 - 1.5

Fruit Color: Red

Seasons: Spring

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By A. Barra (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Stephan Hense (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons
By Frank Vincentz (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By The original uploader was Josemanuel at Spanish Wikipedia (Transferred from es.wikipedia to Commons.) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)], via Wikimedia Commons
By David Monniaux (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html), CC-BY-SA-3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/) or CC BY-SA 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

By H. Zell (Own work) [GFDL (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html) or CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons

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Tolerance

Frost Tolerant: Yes

Heat Tolerance: Yes

Drought Tolerance: No

Salt Tolerance: Good
Requirements

Soil Requirements: Clay, Loam, Sand

Soil Ph Requirements: Acidic

Water Requirements: Moderate

Light Requirements: Full, Part
Management

Toxicity: No

Invasive Potential: Yes

Susceptibility to Pests and Diseases: Yes

Pruning Requirements: Little needed, to develop a strong structure

Fruit/ Leaves/ Flowers litter: No

Surface Rooting: No

Life Span: 25-50 years

Diseases: Powdery Mildew, Leaf Spots

Edible Parts: None

Pests: Mites, Scales, Whitefly, Leaf Miner

Plant Propagation: Seed, Cutting